3rd Party NHS Health Innovation NWC

Key Findings

01 - CDa Pro against normal concentration of Airborne Bacteria with Only Water 1

The concentration of micrococcus luteus bacteria inoculated in the air was 2.4×103– 3.1×103 CFU/m3 which is similar to the typical airborne bacteria concentration. The typical airborne bacteria concentrations are in the range of 9×101 – 7×103 CFU/m3 (mostly < 3.1×103 CFU/m3)[[4]], [[5]], [[6]], [[7]], [[8]].

Applying CDa Pro with only water for 10 minutes achieved 93% absolute clearance of the whole room.

04 - CDa Pro against high concentration of Airborne Bacteria with 50ppm HClO

The concentration of micrococcus luteus bacteria inoculated in the air was 6.25x105 – 1.11x106 CFU/m3 which is much higher than the typical airborne bacteria concentration. The typical airborne bacteria concentrations are in the range of 9×101 – 7×103 CFU/m3 (mostly < 3.1×103 CFU/m3) [4], [5], [6], [7], [8].

Applying CDa Pro with only 50ppm HClO for 10 minutes achieved 98% absolute clearance of the whole room in 10 minutes from the start of the spray.
Applying CDa Pro with 50ppm HClO for 10 minutes achieved 99.5% absolute clearance of the whole room in 30 minutes from the start of the spray.

03 - CDa Pro against high concentration of Airborne Bacteria with 50ppm HClO

Applying CDa Pro with only 50ppm HClO for 10 minutes achieved 98% absolute clearance of the whole room in 10 minutes from the start of the spray.
Applying CDa Pro with 50ppm HClO for 10 minutes achieved 99.5% absolute clearance of the whole room in 30 minutes from the start of the spray.

04 - CDa Pro Surface Testing

This test is to exam the virality of micrococcus luteus bacteria after they were encapsulated and neutralized by the ultra-fine water droplets and removed from air and fallen to the surfaces (ground). The concentration of micrococcus luteus bacteria inoculated in the air was 2.4×103– 3.1×103 CFU/m3 which is similar to the typical airborne bacteria concentration. The typical airborne bacteria concentrations are in the range of 9×101 – 7×103 CFU/m3 (mostly < 3.1×103 CFU/m3) [4], [5], [6], [7], [8].

Comparing to the control test, the bacteria removal mechanism from CDa Pro with only water does not post extra contamination on surfaces. That indicated that the airborne bacteria were potentially neutralized while the aggregators fallen and reset on the surfaces.

References

[1] Starvation stress key in Micrococcus luteus cleanroom survival: https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/187836/starvation-stress-key-in-micrococcus-luteus-cleanroom-survival/

[2] Final screening assessment of Micrococcus luteus: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/screening-assessment-micrococcus-luteus.html

[3] Environmental Isolate Case Files: Micrococcus luteus: https://blog.microbiologics.com/environmental-isolate-case-files-micrococcus-luteus/

[4] Jo, W. K., & Seo, Y. J. (2005). Indoor and outdoor bioaerosol levels at recreation facilities, elementary schools, and homes. Chemosphere, 61(11), 1570–1579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.103

[5] Pastuszka, J., Kyaw Tha Paw, U., Lis, D.O., Wlazło, A., & Ulfig, K. (2000). Bacterial and fungal aerosol in indoor environment in Upper Silesia, Poland. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 3833-3842.

[6] Gizaw, Z., Gebrehiwot, M., & Yenew, C. (2016). High bacterial load of indoor air in hospital wards: the case of University of Gondar teaching hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 11, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-016-0061-4

[7] Zhu, H., Phelan, P., Duan, T., Raupp, G., Fernando, H. J. S., & Che, F. (2003). Experimental study of indoor and outdoor airborne bacterial concentrations in Tempe, Arizona, USA. Aerobiologia, 19(3-4), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000006571.23160.8a

[8] Madsen, A. M., Moslehi-Jenabian, S., Frankel, M., White, J. K., & Frederiksen, M. W. (2023). Airborne bacterial species in indoor air and association with physical factors. UCL open. Environment, 5, e056. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000056

Lab Reports

Please feel free to download the Lab Reports:

NanoJet Biovalidation Report Air Sampling

NanoJet Biovalidation Report Surface Sampling

Testing by - NHS Health Innovation NWC

Date: July, 2024 to March, 2025

Test Conducted by: Laboratory of the NHS Health Innovation NWC at the Feedwater site, Moreton on Wirral.

Scope: This report relates to the Biovalidation of the Innova NanoJet device to the Liverpool Biovalidation Protocol modified as per the Client's instructions at the laboratory of the NHS Health Innovation NWC at the Feedwater site, Moreton on Wirral. The Standard Protocol can be found on the IAQS (Indoor Air Quality Society) website.

Test Pathogen: Micrococcus luteus.

Micrococcus luteus (M.luteus) is usually used as challenges in pharmaceutical disinfectant qualification protocols. It is renowned for its ability to survive under extreme environmental stresses. It can enter a dormant state (viable but nonculturable) under nutrient starvation and desiccation, allowing it to persist for long periods in dry, low-nutrient environments [1] . It produces yellow carotenoid pigments that help shield it from UV damage. It possesses a nucleotide-excision repair system (UvrABC) that confers resistance to UV light, enabling it to survive higher UV exposure than many bacteria [2]. M. luteus grows optimally at 25–37 °C but can proliferate at up to ~45 °C and in high-salt (10% NaCl) conditions [3]. Due to its hardy survival in harsh conditions, ultraviolet and radiation tolerance, tolerance to temperature and osmotic stress, and small cell size (~1 µm diameter in tetrads) and tendency to form airborne clusters mirror real bioaerosols, M. luteus is commonly used to challenge filtration and UV devices in air disinfection trials.